A child or surviving spouse can challenge a German Will made “too early”
German laws of succession are full of surprises, even for German lawyers who do not specialise in estate and probate law. One of those German succession law statutes which create shock among the testamentary heirs and beneficiaries is sections 2079 German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch).
The language of the statute is somewhat cryptic:
A will is voidable if the testator has omitted a person entitled to a compulsory portion who is in existence at the time of the devolution of the inheritance, the existence of whom was unknown to the testator when he made the testamentary disposition or who was born or became entitled to a compulsory portion only after the making of the testamentary disposition. Avoidance is excluded to the extent that it is to be assumed that the testator would have made the disposition even if he had known the circumstances.
In plain English, this means: A will can be challenged and made void in the following three circumstances:
(i) If the testator was unaware of the existence of a child at the time of setting up the will;
(ii) if a child is born to the testator/testatrix after the date he/she has set up the will;
(iii) if the testator/testatrix marries (or remarries) after the date the will has been set up.
While option (i) is quite rare and affects only men (women are usually aware of how many children they have brought into the world), options (ii) and (iii) do have significant practical relevance. It is not rare that someone sets up a will, then – maybe many years later – has another child or marries but forgets to amend the last will & testament.
In these cases, that child (born after the date the will was made) or the surviving spouse is able to challenge the will and make it entirely void by bringing a declaration of avoidance (Anfechtungserklärung) before the competent German probate court (Nachlassgericht). This must be done within strict deadlines and formal requirements apply.
The content of the will is then no longer relevant. Instead, the estate is then distributed according to German intestacy rules which are explained in detail in this post: German Rules of Intestacy
For information on Anglo-German probate matters and international will preparation also see this FAQ video:
More posts on succession law and German probate by the international succession law experts of Graf & Partners LLP:
- Most Germans die without a Will (German Intestacy Rules)
- The Perils of German IHT and Gift Tax
- Basics of German Inheritance and Succession Law
- Executors and Trustees in German Inheritance Law
- How to apply for a German Grant of Probate
- The Infamous German Community of Heirs – And how to avoid it
- International Wills and Estate Planning for British-German Families
- Prove German Wills for English Probate
- Disputed Wills and Contentious Probate in Germany
- Disinherit your no-good children? Not so easy in Germany
- Don’t be afraid of Clients with Foreign Assets!
- Can foreign Taxes be set off against UK Inheritance Tax?
Or simply click on the “German Probate” section in the right column of this blog.
The law firm Graf & Partners and its German-English litigation department was established in 2003 and has many years of experience with British-German and US-German probate matters, including the representation of clients in contentious probate matters. If you wish us to advise or represent you in a German or cross border inheritance case please contact German solicitor Bernhard Schmeilzl, LL.M. (Leicester) at +49 941 463 7070.